June 2020 - by Stacey Cox
Migraine is a primary headache disorder manifesting as reoccurring attacks, usually lasting 4-72 hours and involving pain of moderate to severe intensity (HIS 2004). The exact cause of migraines is unknown, although they're thought to be the result of temporary changes in the chemicals, nerves and blood vessels in the brain. This is thought to begin as an electrical phenomenon in the cerebrum, which goes on to affect the blood vessels and biochemistry and then cause neurogenic inflammation.
Acupuncture effectiveness for Migraines
There have been many controlled trials of acupuncture for migraines, the results of the latest reviews are quite consistent. Acupuncture is to be at least as effective as a prophylactic drug therapy with little contraindications or side effects (Linde 2009, wang 2008, Sun 2008, Scott 2008).
How acupuncture can treat Migraines
Provide pain relief
Acupuncture stimulates nerves which are located in the muscles and tissues this then leads to a release of endorphins and neurohumoral factors, which simply put changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord. (Zhao 2008, Zijlstra 2003, Pomeranz 1987).
Reduce inflammation
Acupuncture promotes the release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors, which modifies the body's immune response or functioning of the immune system (Kim 2008, Kewovsji 2007, Zijlstra 2008).
Reduce the degree of cortical spreading depression
Cortical spreading depression is an electrical wave in the brain associated with migraines. The aura phase that precedes migraine headache in about 20–30% of migraine sufferers may be a direct consequence of the events of CSD (Shi 2010).
Reduce plasma levels of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P.
CGRP plays an integral role in the pathophysiology of Migraines as it's activity spikes during Migraine attacks (Shi 2010). Many Migraine drugs aim to suppress the activity of these neuropeptides.
Modulate extracranial and intracranial blood flow
Abnormal changes in the blood vessels of the brain contributes to Migraines (Park 2009).
Affect serotonin levels in the brain
Serotonin narrows the blood vessels of the brain. When serotonin and oestrogen levels change, the result for some is a Migraine (Zong 2007).